LDM (Load Multiple Registers) is a stack manipulation operation (POP) that accepts following variants:

• LDMFD: Full Descending Stack
• LDMFA: Full Ascending Stack
• LDLED: Empty Descending Stack
• LDMEA: Empty Ascending Stack

Note

ARM Compiler will always use a Full Descending Stack (LDMFD)

Load Multiple Registers (LDM):

• LDMIA: Increase After
• LDMIB: Increast Before
• LDMDA: Decrease After
• LDMDB: Descrease Before

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       Addr  Data
       ----  ----
R0 --> 0x10  10
       0x14  20
       0x18  30
       0x1C  40
       0x20  50
       0x24  60

LDMIA R0, {R1,R2,R3}

LDMIA R0!, {R1,R2,R3}

LDMIB R0!, {R1,R2,R3}

       Addr  Data
       ----  ----
       0x10  10
       0x14  20
       0x18  30
       0x1C  40
       0x20  50
R0 --> 0x24  60

LDMDA R0!, {R1,R2,R3}

LDMDB R0!, {R1,R2,R3}